Phenol (C6H5OH) bụ kristal na-enweghị agba nke nwere isi pụrụ iche. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe dị mkpa n'imepụta ụfọdụ resins, ọgwụ nje bacteria, ihe nchekwa, na ọgwụ (dịka aspirin). Enwere ike iji ya maka ihicha ngwa ịwa ahụ, ịgwọ nsị, ime ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị ọcha, belata itching, na ịgwọ otitis media. Phenol nwere ebe agbaze nke 43°C ma na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri na okpomọkụ ụlọ mana ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na ihe mgbaze organic. Mgbe okpomọkụ gafere 65°C, ọ na-aghọ nke a na-agwakọta na mmiri n'ókè ọ bụla. Phenol na-emebi emebi ma na-akpata mmebi protein mpaghara mgbe ọ metụrụ aka. Enwere ike ịsacha ngwọta nke phenol nke na-abanye na akpụkpọ ahụ na mmanya. Obere akụkụ nke phenol nke a na-ekpughere na ikuku na-eme ka ọ ghọọ quinone, na-agbanwe pink. Ọ na-agbanwe odo odo mgbe a na-ekpughe ya na ion ferric, ihe a na-ejikarị anwale maka phenol.
Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Nchọpụta
A chọtara Phenol n'ime kol tar na 1834 site n'aka onye German na-ahụ maka kemistri bụ Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, ya mere a makwaara ya dị ka carbolic acid. Phenol malitere inweta amara nke ọma site n'aka dibịa Britain a ma ama bụ́ Joseph Lister. Lister kwuru na ọtụtụ ọnwụ mgbe a wachara ya ahụ bụ n'ihi ọrịa ọnya na mmepụta ihe na-emerụ ahụ. Site na mberede, o jiri mmiri ọgwụ phenol gbazere agbaze fesa ngwa ịwa ahụ na aka ya, nke mere ka ọrịa ndị ọrịa belata nke ukwuu. Nchọpụta a mere ka phenol bụrụ ọgwụ nje dị ike nke e ji agwọ ọrịa, nke mere ka Lister nweta aha ya bụ́ "Nna nke Ịwa Ahụ Ọgwụ Mgbochi Ọrịa."
Njirimara Kemịkalụ
Phenol nwere ike ịmịkọrọ mmiri site na ikuku ma mee ka ọ dị mmiri mmiri. Ọ nwere isi pụrụ iche, ihe ngwọta ya na-atọkwa ụtọ nke ukwuu. Ọ na-emebi emebi nke ukwuu ma na-emeghachi omume na kemịkalụ. Ọ na-emeghachi omume na aldehydes na ketone iji mepụta resin phenolic na bisphenol A, yana acetic anhydride ma ọ bụ salicylic acid iji mepụta phenyl acetate na salicylate esters. Ọ nwekwara ike ịnweta halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation, alkylation, carboxylation, esterification, na etherification reactions.
N'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nkịtị, phenol siri ike ma ọ naghị emeghachi omume ngwa ngwa na sodium. Ọ bụrụ na e kpoo phenol ka ọ gbazee tupu etinye sodium maka nnwale, ọ na-ebelata ngwa ngwa, agba ya na-agbanwekwa mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ, na-emetụta nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ. N'ime nkuzi, ejirila ụzọ ọzọ iji nweta nsonaazụ nnwale na-eju afọ n'ụzọ dị mfe na nke ọma. N'ime tube nnwale, a na-agbakwunye 2-3 mL nke ether anhydrous, wee soro ya mpempe sodium dị ka pea. Mgbe ewepụsịrị kerosene elu na akwụkwọ nzacha, a na-etinye sodium na ether, ebe ọ naghị emeghachi omume. Ịtinye obere phenol na ịma jijiji tube ahụ na-enye ohere ka sodium meghachi omume ngwa ngwa, na-emepụta nnukwu gas. Ụkpụrụ dị n'azụ nnwale a bụ na phenol na-agbaze na ether, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume ya na sodium dị mfe.
Oge ozi: Jenụwarị-20-2026